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GENERAL NOMENCLATURE FOR MILL PRODUCTS
Abrasion A surface discontinuity caused by roughening or scratching. See also 'Rub Mark' and 'Traffic Mark'
AgingPreclpltatlon from solid solution resulting In a change In properties of an alloy, usually occurring slowly at room temperature (natural aging) and more rapidly at elevated
temperatures (artlflclal aging)
Age Hardening An aging process which results in increased strength and hardness.
Age Softening The loss of strength and hardness at room temperature which takes place in certain alloys due to the spontaneous reduction of residual stresses in the strain hardened structure.
Angularity Conformity to, or deviation from, specified angular dimensions in the cross section of a shape or bar
Annealing A thermal treatment to soften metal by removal of stress resulting from cold working or by coalescing precipitates from solid solution
Anodizing Sheet Sheet with metallurgical characteristics and surface quality suitable for the development of protective and decorative films by anodic oxidation processes
ANSI Abbreviation for American National Standards Institute
ASTM Abbreviation for American Society for Testing and Materials
Bar A solid section long in relation to cross-sectional dimensions, having a symmetrical cross section that is square or rectangular (excluding flattened wire) with sharp or
rounded corners or edges, or is a regular hexagon or octagon, and in which at least one
perpendicular distance between parallel faces is 3/8" or greater
Bus Bar A bus conductor of rectangular or square cross section of any dimension
Cold Finished Bar Bar brought to final dimensions by cold working to obtain improved surface finish and dimensional tolerances.
Cold-Finished Extruded Bar Finished bar produced from extruded bar
Cold-Finished Rolled Bar Cold finished bar produced from rolled bar
Extruded Bar Bar brought to final dimensions by hot extruding
Rolled Bar Bar brought to final dimensions by hot rolling
Belly A fullness in cross section of foil, either at the center or near the sides
Billet A hot-worked semi-finished product suitable for subsequent working by such
methods as rolling, forging, extruding, etc
Blank A piece of metal cut or formed to regular or irregular shape for subsequent processing such as by forming, bending or drawing
Blister A raised spot on the surface of the metal caused by expansion of gas in a subsurface zone during thermal treatment See also 'Bond Blister', 'Coating Blister' and
'Core Blister'
Block Marks Short longitudinal scratches introduced during rewinding of sheet or foil,
resulting from relative movement between adjacent wraps of the coil
Bloom A semifinished hot rolled product, rectangular or square in cross section,
produced on a blooming mill
Bond Blister A blister at the interface between the coating and core of clad
products
Boss A knobllke projection on the main body of a forging or casting
Bottom Draft Taper or slope in the bottom of aborted depression to assist the flow of metal toward the sides of the depressed area
Bow Longitudinal curvature of rod, bar, shapes and tube
Brazing Rod A rolled, extruded or cast round filler metal for use in joining by brazing.
Brazing Sheet Sheet of a brazing alloy or sheet clad with a brazing alloy on one or both
sides
Brazing Wire Wire for use as a filler metal in joining by brazing
Broken Edge Edge containing cracks, splits, or tears
Broken Matte Finish An uneven finish on the matting surfaces of pack-rolled foil
Broken Surface A surface having innumerable minute cracks running normal to the
direction of working
Buckle A distortion of the surface of sheet such as a bulge or a wave, usually transverse
to the direction of rolling
Buffing A mechanical finishing operation in which fine abrasives are applied to a metal surface by rotating fabric wheels for the purpose of developing a lustrous finish
Burr A thin ridge of roughness left by a cutting operation such as slitting, tramming, shearing, blanking, sawing, etc
Burred Edge thin turned down edge on sheet or foil resulting from shearing
Bus Bar A bus conductor of rectangularly square section of any dimension
Bus Conductor A rigid electric conductor of any cross section
Camber See 'Lateral Bow'
Cast A facsimile of a forging obtained by pouring plaster or a low-meltlng-polnt
metal into the die cavity
Caustic Skin A superficial surface blemish caused by the etching action of caustic
Center The difference in thickness between the middle and edges of a sheet.
Chatter Marks Intermittent transverse marks due to vibration during rolling,
extrusion, or drawings resulting In non-uniform surface reflection and brightness.
Chemical Properties The properties of a material that describe its reactions with other substances. Eg. , corrosion resistance
Chop Metal sheared from a vertical surface of a die forging which is spread by the die over an adjoining horizontal surface.
Chucking Lug A lug or boss added to a forging so that 'on center' machining and
forming may be performed with one setup or chucking. This lug ls finally machined
or cut away
Circle A circular blank fabricated from plate, sheet or foil
Coating Lacquer-type or wax films applied to one or both surfaces of foil for such
purposes as heat-sealing, primer coat base for printing, or as protection against
chemical attack.
Coating Blister A blister In the coating of a clad product
Coating Streak A surface blemish on rolled material resulting from aluminum oxide
transferring from the roll to the sheet surface, giving a speckled appearance, known
also as 'roll-coating pickup'
Cold Shut (1) A linear discontinuity in a cast surface caused when meeting streams
of metal fall to merge prior to solidification
(2) A forging defect developed by metal flowing into a section from two
directions, resulting In a discontinuity at the junction
Cold Working Plastic deformation of metal at such temperature and rate that strain hardening occurs.
Coloring (1) The overall application on foil of colored lacquer or ink for decorative purposes
(2) a type of buffing
Concavity A concave departure from flat
Concentricity Conformance to a common center, for example, the inner and outer
walls of round tube
Condenser Tube Thls term ls frequently used in the broad sense as synonymous
with the term 'Heat-Exchanger Tube'. The term 'Heat-Exchanger Tube' is preferred
unless specific reference to condenser application is intended
Conduit A tube used to protect electric wiring. See also 'Tubing, Electrical Metallic'
Contour That portion of the outline of a transverse cross-section of an extruded shape that is represented by a curved line or curved lines
Conveyor Marks Scratches and pits occurring on one side of a sheet as a result of contact with cables or other means of conveyance
Core Blister A blister in the core of a clad product
Corrosion The deterioration of a metal by chemical or electro-chemical reaction
with its environment
Coupon A piece of metal from which a test specimen may be prepared - usually
produced as an integral extra piece as on a casting or forging or as a separately cast
or forged piece.
Covering Area The area in square meters covered by one kilogram of foil or
laminated composite.
Cross Hatched Surface See Broken Surfaces
Design Seam A line juncture resulting from the deliberate bonding of two or more edges
by pressure, fusion or mechanical interlocking (see Extruslon Seam)
Die Castlng A metal object made by introducing molten metal under high pressure into a metal mold or die and allowing it to solidify
Die Line A longitudinal depression or protrusion formed on the surface of drawn or extruded material due to imperfections on the die surface
Die Number The number assigned to a die for identification and cataloging purposes, and which usually is assigned for the same purpose to the product produced from that die
Diffusion Streak Surface streaks on a clad sheet resulting from alloying
constituents diffusing from the core into the coating during thermal treatment
Disc A circular blank fabricated from plate, sheet or foil from which a central concentric area has been removed
Draft Taper on the sides of a die or mold impression to facilitate removal of forgings, castings or patterns from dies or molds
Drawing The process of pulling material through a die, to reduce the size, change the cross section or shape, or to harden the material
Drawing Stock A hot worked intermediate solid product of uniform cross section along its whole length supplied in coils and of a quality suitable for drawing into wire
Drawn-ln Scratch A scratch occurring during the fabricating process and subsequently drawn over making it relatively smooth to the touch
Drawn Product A product formed by pulling material through a die
Dropped Edge A continuous downward edge deflection on foil
Dry Surface A foil surface substantially free from oily film, and suitable for lacquering, printing, or coating with water-dispersed adhesives
Duct Sheet Coiled or flat sheet in specific tempers, widths, and thicknesses, suitable for duct applications
Earing A characteristic of sheet to form ears when deep drawn or spun
Ears Wavy symmetrical projections formed In the course of deep drawing or spinning as a result of directional properties or anistropy in sheet. Ears occur In groups of 4 or 8 with
the peaks of the projections located 45 degrees and/or 0 and 90 degrees to the rolling
direction. Degree of earing is the difference between average height at the peaks and
average height at the valleys, divided by average height at the valleys, multiplied by 100
and expressed in percent
Eccentricity Deviation from a common center as, for example, the inner and outer walls of a round tube. The difference between the mean wall thickness and minimum or
maximum wall thickness at any one cross-section The permisslble degree of eccentricity
can be expressed by a plus and minus wall-thickness tolerance.
Electrical Conductivity The capacity of a material to conduct electric current. For aluminum, this capacity is expressed as a percentage of the International Annealed
Copper Standard which has a resistivity of 1 /58 ohm-mm(2)/meter at 20 Deg. C and an
arbitrarily designated conductivity of unity
Electrical Resistivity The electrical resistance of a body of unit length and unit cross-sectional area or unit weight. The value of 1 /58 ohm-mm(2)/meter at 20 Deg. C is the resistivity equivalent to the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) for 100 percent
conductivity. This means that a wire of 100 percent conductivity 1 meter in length and 1
square millimeter in cross-sectional area would have a resistance of 0.017241 ohms at 20 Deg. C
Elongation The percentage increase in distance between two gauge marks that results from stressing the specimen in tension to fracture
Endurance Limit The limiting stress below which a material will withstand a specified large number of cycles of stress. For aluminum alloys, endurance limits are based on
500,000,000 cycles of completely reversed stress, using the rotating-beam type of
machine and specimen
Equivalent Round The diameter of a circle having a circumference equal to the outside
perimeter of other than round tube
Extrusion A product formed by pushing material through a die
Extrusion Butt End Defect A longitudinal discontinuity in the extreme near portion of an extruded product which is normally discarded
Extrusion Ingot A solid or hollow cylindrical cast form suitable for extruding. See 'Fabricating Ingot'
Drilled Extrusion Ingot Solid extrusion ingot which has been drilled to make it hollow
Reamed Extruslon Ingot Hollow extrusion ingot which has been machined to remove
the original inside surface
Scalped Extruslon Ingot A solid or hollow extrusion ingot which has been machined to remove the original outside surface
Extrusion Seam A seam in tube, pipe, or hollow shapes resulting from the pressure
bonding at two or more edges in the course of extruding through a spader or porthole die
Fin Stock Coiled sheet or foil in specific alloys, tempers and thickness ranges suitable for manufacture of fins for heat-exchanger applications
Finish The characteristics of the surface of a product
Flow Lines Llnes on the surface of painted sheet brought about by incomplete leveling of the paint. The line pattern revealed by etching which shows the direction of plastic flow on the surface or within a wrought structure.
Flow Through A forging defect caused when metal flows past the base of a rib resulting in rupture of the grain structure
Foil A rolled section rectangular in cross section of thickness less than 0.006 Inch
Fold A forging or casting discontinuity caused by metal folding back on its own surface during flow in the die or mold cavity
Forgeability The term used to describe the relative workability of forging material
Forging A metal part worked to a predetermined shape by one or more such processes as hammering, upsetting, rolling, etc
Forging Ingot A cast form suitable for forging. See 'Fabricating Ingot'
Forging Plane A reference plane or planes normal to the direction of applied force from which all draft angles are measured
Forging Stock A wrought rod, bar or other section suitable for forging
Friction Scratches Short longitudinal scratches introduced during coiling or reeling of sheet or foil by movement between adjacent wraps of the coil
Gauge Dimension expressed in terms of a system of arbitrary reference numbers.
Dimensions expressed in decimals are preferred
General Purpose Sheet (GPS) Sheet produced from a general purpose non-heat
treatable alloy suitable for use in general sheet metal applications. Mechanical properties
will be generally comparable to 3003 and 5005, however, it should not be used for severe
forming, deep drawing or anodizing
Gouge A gross scratch
Grain Flow The directional characteristics of the metal structure after working, revealed by etching a polished section
Grain Size A measure of crystal size usually reported in terms of average diameter in millimeters, grains per square millimeter, or grains per cubic millimeter
Hardness Resistance to plastic deformation, usually by identation
Brinell Hardness Brinell hardness of aluminum alloys is obtained by measuring the permanent impression in the material made by a ball indenter 10 millimeters in
diameter after applying a load of 500 kilograms for 30 seconds and dividing the
applied load by the area of the impression
Heat-Exchanger Tube A tube for use in apparatus in which fluid inside the tube will be heated or cooled by fluld outside the tube. The term usually is not applied to coiled
tubes or to tubes for use in refrigerators or radiators
Heat-Treatable Alloy An alloy which may be strengthened by a suitable thermal
treatment.
Heat Treating Heating and cooling a solid metal or alloy in such a way as to obtain
desired conditions or properties. Commonly used as a shop term to denote a thermal
treatment to increase strength. Heating for the sole purpose of hot working is
excluded from the meaning of this definition. See 'Solution Heat Treating','Aging'
Heat-Treat Stain A discoloration due to oxidation of the metal surface during thermal treatment.
Herringbone Streaks Elongated alternate bright and dull markings at an angle to the rolling direction and having the appearance of a herringbone pattern
Homogenizing A high temperature soaking treatment to eliminate or reduce
segregation by diffusion
Hot Working Plastic deformation of metal at such temperature and rate that strain hardening does not occur
Impact A part formed In a press from a metal slug in a die, usually cold, by rapid application of force through a punch, causing the metal to flow around the punch and/
or through an opening in the die
Inclusion Foreign material in the metal or impressed into the surface
Ingot A cast form suitable for remelting or fabrlcatlng. See 'Element Ingot'
Impact Extrusion See 'Impact', the preferred term
Intergranular Corrosion Corrosion occurring preferentially at grain boundaries.
Interleaving The Insertion of paper between layers of metal to protect from damage or to facilitate shearing and prevent sticking of sheets of foil
Kink An abrupt bend or departure from flatness.
Knock-Out Mark A small solid protrusion or circular fin on a forging or a casting, resulting from the depression of a knock-out pin under pressure or inflow of metal
between the knock-out pin and the die or mold
Laminant The bonding agent used in joining two or more sheets of films
Lamination Internal crack aligned parallel to the principal surfaces of a sheet or plate. Composite product consisting of two or more sheets or films Jolned together, e.g.- paper
to foil, plastic films, etc
Lateral Bow Deviation of a longitudinal edge from straight (sometimes called camber)
Layout Sample A prototype forging or a 'cast' used to determine conformance to
designed dimensions
Lithographic Sheet Sheet having a superior finish on one side with respect to freedom
from surface imperfections and supplied with a maximum degree of flatness for use as a
plate in offset printing
Lock A condition in which the parting line of a forging is not all in one plane
Lot Inspection (1) For non-heat treated tempers, an ldentifiable quantlty of material of the same mill form, alloy, temper, section and size submitted for inspection at one time
(2) For
heat treated tempers an identifiable quantity of material of the same mill form, alloy, temper,
section and size traceable to a heat treat lot or lots submitted for inspection at one time.
(For sheet and plate, all material of the same thickness is considered to be of the same
size )
Longitudinal Bow A longitudinal curvature in the plane of a sheet
Lubricant Residue The carbonaceous residue, resulted from lubricant burned on thesurface of a forged part
Luder Lines Surface markings resulting from localized flow which appear on some alloys after light straining. They lie approximately parallel to the direction of maximum shear
stress (about 45 degrees to the direction of the applied stress), and appear as depressions
when forming is in tension and as elevations when in compression
Master Alloy An aluminum base alloy in remelt Ingot form containing at least 50
percent aluminum and one or more added elements for use In making alloying
additions Also referred to as Rlch Alloy or Hardener
Mean Diameter The average of two measurements of the diameter taken at right
angles to each other
Mean Wall Thickness The average of two measurements of the wall thickness of a
tubular product, taken opposite each other
Mechanical Properties Those properties of a material that are associated with
elastic and inelastic reaction when force is applied, or that involve the relationship
between stress and strain, for example, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength,
endurance limit. These properties are often referred to as physicals properties
Mismatch Error in register between two halves of a forging or casting by opposing
die or mold halves not being in perfect alignment
Modulus of Elasticity The ratio of stress to corresponding strain throughout the
range where they are proportional. As there are three kinds of stresses, so there are
three kinds of moduli of elasticity for any materialmodulus In tension, in
compression, and in shear
Modulus of Rigidity The ratio of the unit shear stress in a torsion test, to the
displacement caused by it per unit length in the elastic range. This modulus
corresponds to the modulus of elasticity in the tension test.
Nick A surface or edge discontinuity in the form of a slight cut, indentation, or notch. See
also 'Scratch' and 'Gouge'
Nonfill failure of metal to fill a forging die Impression
Non Heat-Treatable Alloy An alloy which can be strengthened only by cold work.
0ff Gauge A devlatlon of thickness or diameter of a solid product, or wall thickness of a tubular product, from the standard or specified dimensional tolerances
Oil Can A buckle that can be snapped from one position to another. Also referred to as
snap buckle
Oil Stain DIscoloratlon produced during thermal treatment due to incomplete oxidatlon of lubricants on the surface.The color may vary from dark brown to white
Orange Peel Surface roughening on formed products resulting from the use of coarse grained material
Ovalness Deviatlon from a circular periphery, usually expressed as the total difference found at any one cross section between the individual maximum and minimum diameters
which usually occur at or about 90 degrees to each other Ovalness is not expressed as
plus or minus
Oxide Discoloration Discoloration of the metal surface due to oxidation during thermal treatment.
P
Pack Marks Small densely distributed abrasions on the surface of sheet or foil resulting from rolling in packs of two or more.
Pack Rolling The simultaneous rolling of two or more thicknesses of foil
Parent Coil A coil of sheet which has been processed to the final temper as a single unit and subsequently cut into two or more smaller coils or into individual sheets to provide the required width and length.
Parent Plate A plate which has been processed to final temper as a single unit and
subsequently cut into two or more smaller plates to provide the required width and/or
length.
Partial Annealing Thermal treatment given cold worked metal to reduce the strength to
a controlled level.
Patterned or Embossed Sheet Sheet on which a pattern has been impressed on one or both sides.
Permanent Mold Castings A metal object produced by introducing molten metal by gravity
or low pressure into a mold constructed of durable material, usually iron or steel, and
allowing it to solidify.
Physical Properties The properties, other than mechanical properties, that pertain to the physics of a material; i.e., density, electrical conductivity, thermal expansion.
Pickup Small particles of oxide adhering to the surface of a product.
Pinch Marks Pressed-in folds generally running parallel to the direction of rolling.
Pipe Tube in standardized combinations of outside diameter and wall thickness
commonly designated by 'Normal Pipe Sizes' and 'ANS Schedule Numbers.'
Seamless Pipe Pipe produced from hollow extrusion ingot.
Structural Pipe Extruded pipe, which may contain an extrusion seam, suitable for applications not involving internal pressure.
Pit A sharp depression in the surface.
Plate A rolled rectangular section of thickness 0.250 inch or more, with either sheared or sawed edges.
Clad Plate Composite plate consisting of an aluminum alloy core having on both
surfaces (if one surface only, Clad One Side Plate) a metallurgically bonded aluminum
or aluminum alloy coating that is anodic to the core, thus electrolytically protecting the
core against corrosion.
Odd Shape Plate Blanks Plate cut into shapes other than circles or rectangles.
Plate Circles Circle's cut from plate.
Tread Plate Sheet or plate having a raised figured pattern on one surface to provide improved traction.
Polishing A mechanical finishing operation for the purpose of producing a gloss or luster on the surface of a product.
Precipitation Hardening See 'Aging.'
Preheating A high temperature soaking treatment to provide a desired metallurgical structure. Homogenizing is a form of preheating.
Quenching Controlled rapid cooling of a metal from an elevated temperature by contact with a liquid, a gas, or a solid.
Recording Sheet Circles Sheet circles suitable for sound recording.
Redraw Rod See ''Rod.''
Refined Aluminum Aluminum of very high purity (99.950 percent or higher) obtained by special metallurgical treatment.
Reflector Sheet Sheet suitable for the manufacture of reflectors.
Reheating Heating metal to hot-working temperature. In general no structural changes are intended.
Remelt Ingot A cast form suitable for remelting.
Reroll Stock Foil Stock, Sheet Stock A semifinished rolled prodbct of rectangular cross section in coiled form suitable for further rolling.
Rib An elongated protection on a shape or forging to provide stiffening
Ring Condition A subsurface condition in an extrusion which, when present, generally parallels the section contour It ls the result of liquated surface metal from the Ingot
becoming incorporated into the metal flowing through the die and may be revealed by
caustic etching of a cross section
Rod A solid product that is long in relation to cross section, which is 3/8" or greater in diameter
Clad Rod Rod having on it's surface a metallurgically bonded aluminum or aluminum alloy coating that is anodic to the core alloy to which it is bonded, thus electrolytically protecting the core against corrosion
Cold-Finished Rod Rod brought to final dimensions by cold working to obtain improved surface finlsh and dimensional tolerance's.
Cold-Finished Extruded RodRod produced by cold working extruded rod
Cold-Finished Rolled Rod Rod produced by cold working rolled rod
Cold-Finished Heading Rod Rod of a quality suitable for use In the manufacture of cold-headed products such as rivets and bolts.
Extruded Rod Rod produced by hot extruding
Redraw Rod Coiled rod of a quality suitable for drawing into wire.
Rlvet RodSee 'Cold-Heading Rod'
Rolled Rod Rod produced by hot rolling
Roll Mark A raised area formed during rolling by the imprint of a depression In a roll
Rolled-In Metal An extraneous chip or sliver of metal rolled into the surface
Rolled-In Scratch A scratch that occurs during the fabricating process and is
subsequently rolled over
Rolled Ring A cylindrical product of relatively short height circumferentially rolled from a hollow section
Rolling Ingot A cast form suitable for rolling.
Rolling Slab A rectangular semifinished product, produced by hot rolling fabricating Ingot and suitable for further rolling
Roofing Sheet Coiled or flat sheet in specific tempers, widths and thicknesses suitable for the manufacture of corrugated or Vcrimp roofing
Roundness This term is not recommended The term. 'Ovalness' is preferred
Rub Mark A minor form of scratching consisting of a large number of very fine scratches or abrasions
Sample A part, portion, or piece taken for purposes of inspection or test as
representative of the whole
Sand Casting A metal object produced by pouring molten metal into a sand mold
and allowing It to solidify
Scalping Mechanical removal of the surface layer from a fabricating Ingot or
semifinished wrought product so that surface imperfections will not be worked into
the finished product.
Scratch A sharp linear indentation In the surface of the metal See also 'Gouge' and 'Rub Mark'
Screw Machine Stock Bar, rod and wire in certain standard alloys, tempers, sizes and shapes suitable for automatic screw machine applications.
Seam A line juncture resulting from the deliberate bonding of two or more edges by pressure, fusion, or mechanical Interlocking (see 'Extrusion Seam').
Sectlon Number The number assigned to an extruded or drawn shape for
identification and cataloging purposes, usually the same number assigned for the
same purpose to the die from which the shape ls made
Semi-Permanent Mold Casting A permanent mold casting which is made using an
expendable core such as sand
Shape A section produced by such methods as extruding, rolling, drawing, etc., that is long in relation to its cross-sectional dimensions and has a cross section other
than that of sheet, plate, rod, bar, tube or wire
Cold-Finished Shape A shape brought to final dimensions by cold working to obtain improved surface finish and dimensional tolerances.
Cold-Finished Extruded Shape A shape produced by cold-flnshlng an extruded
shape. Also called 'Drawn Shape'
Cold-Finished Rolled Shape A shape produced by cold-finishing a rolled shape
Drawn Shape A shape brought to final dimensions by drawing through a die.
Extruded ShapeA shape produced by hot extruding.
Helical Extruded ShapeAn extruded shape twisted along its length
Hollow Shape A shape any part of whose cross section completely encloses a void.
Fluted Hollow Shape hollow extruded or drawn shape having plain inside surfaces
and whose outside surfaces comprise regular, longitudinal, concave corrugations
with sharp cusps between corrugations.
Hollow Drawn Shape A hollow shape brought to final dimensions by drawing
through a die.
Hollow Extruded Shape A hollow shape formed by hot extruding.
Class 1 Hollow Extruded Shape A hollow extruded shape the void of which is round
and one inch or more in diameter and whose weight is equally distributed on
opposite sides of two or more equally spaced axes.
Class 2 Hollow Extruded Shape Any hollow extruded shape other than Class l which
does not exceed a 5 lnch diameter circumscribing circle and has a single void of not
less than 0.375 inch diameter or 0.10 square inch area
Class 3 Hollow Extruded Shape Any hollow extruded shape other than Class 1 or
Class 2
Lip Hollow Shape A hollow extruded or drawn shape of generally circular cross
section and nominally uniform wall thickness with one hollow or solid protuberance
or lip parallel with the longitudinal axes, used principally for heat-exchange purposes.
Pinion Hollow ShapeA hollow extruded or drawn shape with regularly spaced
longitudinal serrations outside and round Inside, used primarily for making small
gears
Streamline Hollow ShapeA hollow extruded or drawn shape with a cross section of
tear-drop shape.
Rolled Shape A shape formed by hot rolling
Rolled Speclal Shape A rolled shape other than a structural shape.
Rolled Structural Shape A structural shape produced by hot rolling. See 'Structural Shape'
Semi Hollow Shape A shape any part of whose cross section ls a partially enclosed void the area of which is substantially greater than the square of the width of the gap.
Semihollow Drawn Shape A semihollow shape brought to final dimensions by
drawing through a die
Semlhollow Extruded Shape A semihollow shape formed by hot extruding.
Solid Shape A shape other than hollow or semlhollow
Solid Drawn Shape A solid shape brought to final dimensions by drawing through a die.
Solid Extruded Shape A solid shape formed by hot extruding.
Stepped Extruded Shape An extruded shape whose cross section changes abruptly in area at intervals along its length
Structural Shape A shape, rolled or extruded in certain standard alloys, tempers, sizes and sections, such as argles, channels, tees, zees, l-beams and H-sectlons.
Extruded Structural Shape A structural shape formed by hot extruding
Rolled Structural Shape A structural shape formed by hot rolling.
Tapered Extruded Shape An extruded shape whose cross section changes continuously
In area along its length or a specified portion thereof
Shear Strength The maximum stress which the material is capable of sustaining in shear.
Sheet rolled rectangular sectlon of thickness 0 006 through 0 249 Inch with sheared, slit or sawed edges
Clad Sheet Composite sheet having on both surfaces (If on one side only Clad One Side Sheet) a metallurgically bonded aluminum or aluminum alloy coating that is anodic
to the core alloyed which it is bonded, thus electrolytically protecting the core alloy against
corrosion
Clad Sheet Composite sheet having on both surfaces (if on one side only, Clad One Side Sheet) a metallurgically bonded coating, the composition of which may or may not be the
same as that of the core
Coiled-Sheet Sheet in coils with slit edges
Coiled-Sheet Clrcles Circles cut from coiled sheet
Coiled-Sheet Cut To Length Sheet cut to specified length from coils and which has a lesser degree of flatness than Flat Sheet
Flat Sheet Sheet with sheared, slit or sawed edges, which has been flattened or leveled.
Flat-Sheet CirclesCircles cut from flat sheet.
Mill Finish Sheet (MF) Sheet having a non uniform finish which may vary from sheet to sheet and within a sheet, and may not be entirely free from stains or oil.
Odd-Shaped Sheet Blanks Sheet cut into shapes other than circles or rectangles
One Side Bright Mill Finish Sheet (ISBMF) Sheet having a moderate degree of brightness on one side, and a mill finish on the other
Painted Sheet Sheet, one or both sides of which has a factory applied paint coating of controlled thickness
Panel Flat Sheet Sheet which has a higher degree of flatness than Flat Sheet.
Standard One Side Bright Finish Sheet (S1SBF) Sheet having a uniform bright finish on one side, and a mill finish on the other
Standard Two Sides Bright Finish Sheet (S2SBF) Sheet having a uniform bright finish on each side
Shrinkage Contraction that occurs when metal cools from the hot-working temperature
Side Set A difference In thickness between the two edges of sheet or plate.
Sliver Slender fragment or splinter which is a part of the material but not completely attached
Slug A metal blank for forging or impacting.
Solution Heat Treating Heating an alloy at a suitable temperature for sufficient time to allow soluble constituents to enter into solid solution where they are retained in a supersaturated state after quenching
Specialty Sheet Sheet product opened for specific end uses and usually designated by a name, rather than by alloy and temper.
Specimen That portion of a sample (qv) taken for evaluation of some specific
characteristic or property
Specular Gloss A measure of the amount of light reflected from a surface at an angle equal to that of the incident beam
Squareness Characteristic of having adjacent sides or planes meeting at 90 degrees.
Stabilizing A thermal treatment to reduce internal stresses In order to promote
dimensional and mechanical property stability (See 'Age softening' and 'Stress
Relievlng')
Sticking Adherence of foil surfaces sufficient to Interfere with the normal ease of unwinding
Strain A measure of the change in size or shape of a body under stress, referred to its original size or shape tensile or compressive strain is the change, due to force, per unit of length in an original linear dimension In the direction of the force. It is usually measured as the change (in inches) per inch of length
Strain Hardening Modification of a metal structure by cold working resulting in an increase in strength and hardness with loss of ductility
Streak A line, elongated mark, or stripe causing nonuniformity of surface appearance, in the case of painted sheet it is visible as a variation in gloss or color.
Stress Force per unit of area. Stress measured in pounds per square inch (psi) but is given in tables in kips (kilo-pounds or thousands of pounds) per square inch (ksi). Stress is normally calculated on the basis of the original cross-sectional dimensions. The three
kinds of stresses are tensile, compressive, and shear. Flexure involves a combination of
tensile and compressive stress. Torslon involves shear stress.
Stress Relieving The reduction of the effects of internal residual stresses by thermal or mechanical means
Strip This term is not recommended. The term 'sheet' is preferred
Structural Streaks Streaks on etched or anodized surfaces resulting from heterogeneities in the metal structure.
Suck-In A defect caused when one face of a forging is sucked in to flll a projection on the opposite side
Telescoping Transverse slipping of successive layers of a coll of sheet or roll so that the ends of the coil are conical rather than flat
Tolerance Allowable deviation from a nominal or specified dimension.
Close Tolerance A tolerance closer than 'Standard'
Commercial Tolerance A term sometimes used synonymously with 'Standard Tolerances'. The term 'Standard Tolerance' ls preferred
Published Tolerance A term sometimes used synonymously with 'Standard Tolerance'. The term 'Standard Tolerance'' is preferred
Special Tolerance A tolerance other than 'Standard'
Standard Tolerance An established tolerance for a particular class of product. Thls term is preferred to 'Commercial' or 'Published' tolerance
Wide Tolerances tolerance wider than ''standard''
Tool A term usually referring to the dies, mandrels, etc , used in the production of extruded or drawn shapes or tube
Tooling Plate A cast or rolled product of rectangular cross-section of thickness 0.250 inch or greater, and with edges either as cast, sheared or sawed, with internal stress levels controlled to achieve maximum stability for machining purposes in Tool and Jlg
applications
Torn Surface A deep longitudinal rub mark resulting from abrasion by extrusion or drawing tools.
Traffic Marks Abrasions resulting from relative movement between contacting metal surfaces during transit. These abrasions are usually dark in appearance due to the
presence of aluminum and aluminum oxide fanes produced by the abrasive action.
Transverse Bow Curvature across the width of sheet or foil
Tread Plate Sheet or plate having a raised figured pattern on one surface to provide improved traction
Trim Inclusion Edge trimming accidentally wound Into a roll of foil
Tube A hollow wrought product that is long in relation to its cross section which is symmetrical and is round, square rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, or elliptical, with
sharp or rounded corners, and having uniform wall thickness except as affected by corner
radii.
Clad Tube Tube having on either the inside or the outside surface a metallurgically bonded aluminum or aluminum alloy coating that Is anodic to the core alloy to which it is bonded, thus electrolytically protecting the core alloy against corrosion.
Brazed Tube A tube produced by forming and seam-brazing sheet.
Butt-Seam Tube see 'Open-Seam Tube'
Drawn Tube A tube brought to final dimension by drawing through a die
Extruded Tube A tube formed by hot extruding.
Lock-Seam Tube A tube produced by forming and mechanically lock-seaming sheet.
Open-Seam Tube A shape normally produced from sheet of nominally uniform wall
thickness and approximately tubular form but having a longitudinal unjoined seam or gap
of width not greater than 25 percent of the outside diameter or greatest overall dimension
Redraw Tube This term is not recommended. The term 'Tube Stock' is preferred
Seamless Tube Tube which does not contaln any line junctures resulting from the method of manufacture. See 'Seam'.
Sized Tube A tube which, after extrusion, has been cold drawn a slight amount to minimize ovalness.
Stepped Drawn Tube A drawn tube whose cross section changes abruptly in area at
Intervals along its length.
Structural Tube Extruded tube which may contain an extrusion seam, suitable for
applications not involving pressure
Welded Tube A tube produced by forming and seam welding sheet longitudinally.
Butt-Welded Tube A welded tube the seam of which is formed by positioning one edge of the sheet agalnst the other for welding
Helical-Welded Tube A welded tube produced by winding the sheet to form a closed helix and joining the edges of the seam by welding.
Lap-Welded Tube A welded tube the seam of which is formed by longitudinally lapping the edges of the sheet for welding.
Tube Bloom This term is not recommended. The term 'Tube Stock' is preferred.
Tube Stock A semifinished tube suitable for the production of drawn tube.
Tubing This term is not recommended. The term 'Tube' is preferred
Tubing-Electrical Metallic A tube having certain standardized length and combinations of outside diameter and wall thickness thinner than that of 'Rigid Conduit' commonly
designated by nominal electrical trade sizes, for use with compression-type fittings as a
protection for electric wiring
Tubular Conductor A tubular product suitable for use as an electric conductor
Twist A winding departure from flatness
Utility Sheet Mill finish coiled or flat sheet in specific sizes and suitable for general building trade usage.
Ultimate Tensile Strength The maximum stress which a material is capable of sustaining in tension under a gradual and uniformly applied load. Tensile strength is calculated by dividing the maximum load carried by the test specimen during a tension test by the
original cross-sectional area of the specimen.
Vent Mark A small protrusion on a forging or casting resulting from the entrance of metal into die or mold vent holes
Water Stain Superficial surface oxidation due to the reaction of water films held between closely adjacent metal surfaces such as between wraps of coil or sheets in a stack. The appearance varies from iridescent in mild cases to white, gray, or black in more severe
instances.
Wavy Edge A rippling departure of an edge from flat.
Web A single thickness of foil as it leaves the rolling mill
Welding Rod A rolled, extruded, or cast round filler metal for use in joining by welding
Welding WireWlre for use as a filler metal in joining by welding.
Wettability The degree of which a metal surface may be wet to determine the absence of or the amount of residual rolling or added lubricants or deposits on the surface.
Whip Marks Markings on a sheet surface generally running normal to the direction of rolling, resulting from a whipping of the sheet as it enters the rolling mill.
Wire A solid section long In relation to its cross-sectional dimensions, having a symmetrical cross section that is square or rectangular (excluding flattened wire) with
sharp or rounded corners or edges, or is round, hexagonal or octagonal, and whose
diameters, width, or greatest distance between parallel faces is less than 3/8"
Clad Wire Wlre having on its surface a metallurgically bonded aluminum or aluminum alloy coating that is anodic to the core alloy to which it is bonded, thus electrolytically protecting the core alloy against corrosion.
Cold-Heading Wire Wire of a quality suitable for use in the manufacture of cold-headed products such as rivets and bolts.
Drawn Wire Wire brought to final dimensions by drawing through a die
Workability The relative ease with which various alloys may be formed by rolling, extruding, or forging.
Wrought Product A product which has been subjected to mechanical working by such
processes as rolling, extruding, or forging
Yield Strength The stress at which a material exhibits a specified permanent set. The offset used for aluminum and Its alloys is 0.2 percent of gauge length For aluminum alloys the yield strengths in tension and compression are approximately equal.
Please Note: Information provided on this page has not been independently verified. Although this information is believed to be accurate we will bear no responsibility for the accuracy of this information.
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Alphabetical Product Index
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