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STAINLESS STEEL DATA
Stainless Steel Classification
The entire family of stainless steels may be divided into the following groups:1. MARTENSITIC: Straight chromium, hardenable by heat treatment. Representative types are 410. 420, 431, and 440C.
2. FERRITIC: Straight chromium, non-hardenable by heat treatment. Representative types are 405 and 430.
3. AUSTENITIC: Chromium-Nickel, non-hardenable by heat treatment. Representative types are 303, 304, and 316.
4. PRECIPITATION HARDENING
A)The martensitic chromium types are hardenable by heat treatment and are produced in bars and wire only, with the exception of Type 410. They are hardened by heating above the critical or transformation temperature and then rapidly cooled in oil or air. By proper selection of grades and analyses a wide range of ''as quenched- hardness is available, depending primarily on carbon and chromium content. These grades attain maximum corrosion resistance in the hardened condition. They may be annealed for best cold working and machining characteristics. All martensitic types are . consistently magnetic.
B) The ferritic chromium types are non-hardenable by heat treatment. Also, they cannot be hardened to any appreciable extent by quenching from high temperature. They are generally used in the annealed or soft condition. Called the 'straight' chromium grades, they contain no nickel, but are quite adequate for many applications.
C) The austenitic chromium-nickel grades have the highest corrosion resistance of all stainless steels, as well as very fine mechanical properties. They cannot be hardened by heat treatment, but great tensile strength and hardness may be developed by cold working. While these alloys are normally non-magnetic, they become slightly magnetic as they are cold worked. They are widely used, with or without additional alloying elements, in sheet strip, and plate form, as well as in bar and wire products. In the annealed state, the austenitic types have a tensile strength of 75,000 to 100,000 psi, considerably higher than mild steel. Grades with a high chromium-to-nickel ratio, such as Type 301, can be cold work hardened to extremely high tensile strengths and still maintain good ductility.
D) The precipitation hardening groups contain steels that may be either martensitic or austenitic as used but they develop strength during heat treatment by utilizing precipitation hardening reactions rather than phase transformations such as is employed in heat treating steel. None of these types have an AISI Type number at present because each is a proprietary, patented by Armco Steel Corporation.
Type 301 Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni |
| .015 | 2.00 | .045 | .030 | .75 | 16/18 | 6/8 |
This grade of austenitic stainless steel has less chromium and nickel than 302/304, and hence will provide valuable mechanical properties through cold-working. It is frequently supplied in high tensile tempers, e.g. quarter-hard, half-hard, etc.
Applications: Structural parts where a corrosion resisting steel is required, and where higher strength characteristics are required than exist in the standard annealed metal.
Corrosion Resistance: The corrosion resisting properties of Type 301 are comparable to those of Types 302 and 304.
Type 302 Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni |
| .15 | 2.00 | .045 | .030 | .75 | 17/19 | 8/10 |
Type 302 is the original general purpose austenitic chromium nickel stainless steel. Its corrosion resistance is somewhat superior to that of Type 301. It is used largely in the annealed condition. It can be cold worked to high tensile strengths but with slightly lower ductility than Type 301. Type 302 is essentially non-magnetic when annealed, and becomes slightly magnetic when cold worked.
Applications: Because of its excellent corrosion resistance and good fabricating and mechanical properties, Type 302 Stainless Steel finds application in architecture, food processing and serving, appliances, hospital and institution equipment, and in chemical processing. It is also used in consumer products such as electric skillets, sinks, dishwashers, cooking utensils, and sporting equipment.
Corrosion Resistance: Type 302 Stainless Steel has excellent corrosion resistance to a large number of corrosive media. Its corrosion resistance is superior to that of Type 301.
Type 303 Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni |
| .15 | 2.00 | .020 | .15 | 1.00 | 17/19 | 8/10 |
Type 303 is a chromium-nickel stainless steel modified by the addition of selenium or sulphur, as well as phosphorous, to improve machinability and non-seizing properties. It is the most readily machinable of all the chormium-nickel grades and has good corrosion resistance. It is non-magnetic in the annealed condition and non-hardenable by heat treatment. Tensile strength can be increeased by cold working.
Applications: Used almost exclusively for parts requiring machining, grinding or polishing where good corrosion resistance is also required. Its non-seizing and non-galling properties make it ideal for moving parts. Being an austenitic steel, it is useful where low magnetic permability is desired.
Corrosion Resistance: Because of the elements which are added to improve machinability, Type 303 has slightly less general corrosion resistance than the regular chromium-nickel grades such as Type 302. Maximum corrosion resistance is obtained in the annealed condition.
Resistance To Scaling: This grade has excellent scale resistance at temperatures up to 16O0 Deg. F in continuous service. Like other chromium-nickel grades, it has a high coefficient of expansion which should be considered in designing.
Machinability: Type 303 has considerably better machining characteristics than the other chromium-nickel grades. It has a machinability rating of approximately 60% with B-1112 rated 100%. Surface cutting speed on automatic screw machines is approximately 100 feet per minute. Various producers are continually modifying the basic alloy to improve the machinability of Stainless Steel in general. 303 is still the basic grade, however.
Forming:This grade has fairly good forming properties.
Forging:Forge between 2100 and 2350 Deg. F Do not forge below 1700 Deg. F
Annealing:Annealing range is between 1850 and 2050 Deg. F Cool rapidly. Water should be used for heavier sections, air for lighter sections. The stress relieving range is between 400 and 750 Deg. F
Type 304 Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni |
| .08 | 2.00 | .045 | .03 | .75 | 18/20 | 8/10.5 |
TYPE 304 is the basic chromium-nickel stainless steel. It combines excellent mechanical properties with excellent resistance to many corrosive agents encountered in domestic and industrial use. It is non-magnetic in the annealed condition and not hardened by heat treatment. Both hardness and tensile strength can be increased by cold working. The analysis of Type 304 is similar to that of Type 302, except that Type 304 is modified by lowered carbon content. This provides good resistance to corrosion in welded construction where subsequent heat treatment is not practicable.
Applications: Used where corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties are primary requirements. These grades are widely accepted in such industries as dairy, beverage and other food products where the highest degree of sanitation and cleanliness is of prime importance. Parts for handling acetic, nitric and citric acids, organic and inorganic chemicals, dyestuffs, crude and refined oils, etc., are fabricated from this material. Because of its lack of magnetism it is highly desirable for instruments. It is also widely used for architectural trim. Type 304, as noted above, finds - particular use in applications requiring welding.
Corrosion Resistance: Maximum corrosion resistance is obtained in the annealed condition. Intergranular corrosion may occur when material is heated within or cooled through the range of 800 to 1500 Deg. F.
Resistance To Scaling: Excellent scale resistance at temperatures up to 1600 Deg. F in continuous service. Chromium-nickel grades have a high coefficient of expansion, which should be considered in designing.
Machinabililty: Type 304 has a machinability rating of approximately 45%, with B-1112 rated 100%. Surface cutting speed on automatic screw machines is approximately 75 feet per minute.
Weldability: Easily welded by all the commercial processes except forge or hammer welding. The resulting weld has good toughness and ductility. Annealing is recommended after welding to maintain maximum corrosion resistance.
Forming: These grades have very good drawing and stamping properties.
Annealing: Annealing range is between 1850 and 2050 Deg. F Cool rapidly Water should be used for heavier sections, air for lighter sections. The stress relieving range is between 400 and 750 Deg. F.
Type 304 L (ELC) Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni |
| .03 | 2.00 | .045 | .03 | .75 | 18/20 | 8/12 |
Type 304 L (or ELC) is a very low carbon chromium nickel steel with corrosion resistance similar to T 304, but with superior resistance to intergranular corrosion following welding or stress relieving. The range of carbon content is controlled to the level of .03 maximum. This limits the formation of harmful carbides to a great extent. Post-weld annealing isn't necessary in most cases.
Applications: Any fabricating applications where annealing after welding is impractical, or where the specifications are very exact regarding intergranular corrosion, otherwise used in same types of equipment as 304.
Corrosion Resistance: Highly resistant to all types of rusting, and is immune to most foods and organic chemicals.
Scaling Resistance: Excellent up to 1600 Deg. F in continuous service Could be used in application involving intermittent heating and cooling up to 1450 Deg. F.
Type 309 Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni |
| .20 | 2.00 | .045 | .03 | .75 | 22/24 | 12/15 |
Type 309 is a high chromium and nickel content stainless steel that has excellent corrosion resistance as well as high creep strength and mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and excellent oxidation resistance at temperatures up to approximately 2000 Deg. F.
Applications: Used primarily for high temperature structural applications where good strength and resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures are required. Uses include furnace parts such as dampers, baffle plates, supports, and fixtures. It is also used in chemical plant equipmentfor handling of acids, sulfite liquors, etc.
Corrosion Resistance: Type 309 has better corrosion resistance than Type 304, and for resistance to specific corrosive media may be compared to Type 304.
Resistance To Scaling: Excellent scale resistance at temperatures up to 2O00 Deg. F for continuous service, up to 1800 Deg. F for intermittent service.
Weldability: Easily welded by all commercial processes except forge or hammer welding. For maximum corrosion resistance annealing is recommended after welding.
Forming: Good drawing and stamping properties.
Annealing: Annealing range is between 1900 and 2050 Deg. F cool rapidly. Water quench heavier sections. Thin sections may be air cooled.
Type 310 Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni |
| .25 | 2.00 | .045 | .03 | 1.50 | 24/26 | 19/22 |
Type 310, With high chromium and nickel content, has the greatest heat resisting properties of the more commonly used stainless steels. It has high creep strength and mechanical properties and does not become brittle at elevated temperatures. It is non-magnetic in the annealed condition and not hardenable by heat treatment. Applications: Used primarily where high heat resisting properties are required, such as for the more critical parts in oil refining equipment, oil burners, furnace's, heat exchangers, etc. In the aircraft industry, Type 310 is used for parts requiring welding during fabrication, or oxidation resistance up to about 2O00 Deg. F. Useful at higher temperatures only when stresses are low.
Corrosion Resistance: Type 310 has excellent corrosion resistance, which is at a maximum in the annealed condition. Its resistance to specific chemical media may be compared to that of Type 304.
Resistance To Scaling: Excellent scale resistance at temperatures up to 2O00 Deg. F in continuous service. In comparison with the other chromium-nickel grades this type has a slightly lower coefficient of expansion, which results in less tendency to warp.
Weldability: Easily welded by all the commercial processes except forge or hammer welding. Annealing after welding is recommended in order to obtain maximum corrosion resistance.
Forming: This grade has good drawing and stamping properties.
Annealing: Annealing range is between 1900 and 2100 Deg. F Cool rapidly. Water should be used for heavier sections, air for lighter sections. The stress relieving range is between 400 and 750 Deg. F
Type 316 Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | |||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo |
| .08 | 2.00 | .045 | .03 | .75 | 16/18 | 10/14 | 2/3 |
Type 316 is a chromium-nickel stainless steel modified by the addition of molybdenum, which greatly increases its corrosion resistance as well as its mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. It is non-magnetic in the annealed condition and not hardenable by heat treatment. It is an outstanding stainless steel suitable for large numbers of applications. It is also available in an extra low carbon analysis, Type 316L.
Applications: Widely used in the paper, textile and chemical industries, where parts are subjected to the corrosive effects of salts and reducing acids. Also used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals in order to avoid excessive metallic contamination. Since Type 316 possesses the highest creep and tensile strength at elevated temperatures of any of the more commonly used stainless steels, it finds extensive use where the combination of high strength and good corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures is required. In aircraft applications, Type 316 is used for parts requiring good corrosion resistance and low magnetic permeability.
Corrosion Resistance: Type 316 is more resistant to atmospheric and general corrosive conditions than any of the other standard stainless steels. It has good resistance to the corrosive effects of sulphates, phosphates and other salts as well as reducing acids such as sulphuric. sulphurous and phosphoric. It is less susceptible to pitting in applications where acetic acid vapors or solutions of chlorides, bromides or iodides are encountered. When heated to within the temperature range of 8O0-15O0 Deg. F or when slowly cooled through this range, this grade is subject to intergranular corrosion.
Resistant To Scaling: Excellent scale resistance at temperatures up to 1650 F in continuous Service.
Machinability: Type 316 has a machinability rating of approximately 36% with B-1112 rated 100%. Surface cutting speed on automatic screw machines isapproximately 60 feet per minute.
Weldability: Easily welded by all the commercial processes except forge or hammer welding. Annealing after welding is recommended to obtain maximum corrosion resistance.
Forming: This grade has good drawing and stamping properties.
Forging: Forge between 2100 and 2300 Deg. F Do not forge below 1700 Deg. F.
Annealing: Annealing range is between 1850 and 2050 Deg. F Cool rapidly. Water should be used for heavier sections, air for lighter sections. The stress relieving range is between 400 and 750 Deg. F.
Type 316L (ELC) Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | |||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo |
| .03 | 2.00 | .045 | .03 | .75 | 16/18 | 10/14 | 2/3 |
Type 316L is a very low carbon grade with general corrosion resistance similar to Type 316, but with superior resistance to intergranular corrosion during welding or stress relieving. This precludes any harmful carbide precipitation in the 800 to 1500 Deg. F range, such as might otherwise occur in welding heavy sections.
Applications: Same as those for Type 316. All other physical characteristics and applications are similar or equivalent to regular Type 316.
Type 321 Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | |||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Ti |
| .08 | 2.00 | .045 | .03 | .75 | 17/19 | 9/12 | 5X(C+N) Min./.070 Max. |
Type 321 is chromium-nickel stainless steel modified by the addition of titanium to overcome the danger of intergranular corrosion 'common to other austenitic stainless steels during or after exposure to temperatures of 800 to 15O0 Deg. F This type is-non-magnetic in the annealed condition and not hardenable by heat treatment.
Applications: Used where freedom from intecgranular corrosion is desired and milder corrosive conditions exist. It is used in parts subjected to sustained heating in or slow cooling through the range of 800 to 15O0 Deg. F It is well suited for cold drawing and forming operations. In the aircraft industry it is used particularly for such applications as exhaust stacks, manifolds and ring collectors.
Corrosion Resistance: Type 321 is resistant to intergranular corrosion. fts general corrosion resistance is somewhat less than that of Type 302. It tends to form a light rust film in corrosive atmospheres', but this rusting is not progressive.
Resistance To Scaling: Excellent scale resistance at temperatures up to 1650 Deg. F in continuous service.
Machinability: Type 321 has a machinability rating of approximately 36%, with B-1112 rated 100%. Surface cutting speed on automatic screw machines is approximately 60 feet per minute.
Weldability: Easily welded by all the commercial processes except forge or hammer welding.
Forming: This grade has good forming and stamping properties.
Forging: Forge between 2100 and 2300 Deg. F Do not forge below 1800 Deg. F.
Annealing: Annealing range is between 1850 and 2050 Deg. F. Cool rapidly Water should be used for heavier sections air for lighter sections. The stress relieving range is 400-750 Deg. F.
Type 347 Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | |||||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Cb+Ta | Ta | Co |
| .08 | 2.00 | .045 | .03 | .75 | 17/19 | 9/13 | 10xC Min. | - | - |
Type 347 is a chromium-nickel stainless steel modified by the addition of columbium and.tantalum to overcome the dangers of intergranular corrosion common to other austenitic stainless steels during or after exposure to temperatures of 800 to 1500 Deg. F. It is non-magnetic in the annealed condition and not hardenable by heat treatment.
Applications: Used for heavy welded assemblies which cannot be annealed after welding. Also used where operating conditions cause exposure within the temperature range between 800 and 15O0 Deg. F and where corrosive conditions are severe, such as aircraft exhaust stacks, manifolds and ring collectors. It is used to advantage in combating corrosion cracking resulting from stress in corrosive media due to vibration or other causes.
Corrosion Resistance: Type 347 is resistant to intergranular corrosion. It has about the same general corrosion resistance as Type 304.
Resistance To Scaling: Excellent scale resistance at temperatures up to 1650 Deg. F in continuous service.
Machinability: Type 347 has a machinability rating of approximately 36%, with B-1112 rated 100%. Surface cutting speed on automatic screw machines is approximately 60 feet per minute.
Weldability: Easily welded by all the commercial processes except forge or hammer welding.
Forming: This grade has good drawing and stamping properties.
Forging: Forge between 2100 and 2300 Deg. F Do notforge below 1800 Deg. F
Annealing: Annealing range is between 1850 and 2050 Deg. F Cool rapidly. Water should be used for heavier sections, air for lighter sections. The stress relieving range is between 400 and 750 Deg. F
Type 410 Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni |
| .15 | 1.00 | .040 | .03 | 1.00 | 11.5/13.5 | 0.75 |
Type 410 is the basic chromium grade of stainless steel. It combines excellent corrosion resistance with the ability to develop hardness and mechanical properties by conventional heat treating methods that are similar to those of Type 4130 Alloy Steel. It is magnetic in all conditions.
Applications: This grade is used for applications requiring good mechanical properties and involving corrosive conditions that are not too severe, such as valve parts, cutlery, good industry machine parts, screws, bolts, pump rods and pistons, etc. In the annealed condition, it may be drawn or formed. In the aircraft industry Type 410 is used for parts such as compressor shrouds, where oxidation resistance is required up to 1OO0 Deg. F. Useful at higher temperatures only when stresses are low.
Corrosion Resistance: Excellent resistance to corrosion from the atmosphere, fresh water, iron bearing mine waters, food acids, neutral and basic salts, mild acids and alkalis. This grade has excellent corrosion resistance in all conditions of heat treatment, but maximum resistance is obtained by hardening and polishing. In general, corrosive resistance qualities are only slightly less than those of Type 430.
Resistance To Scaling: Resists scaling at temperatures up. to approximately 1200-1300 Deg.F in continuous service. Over 1300 Deg. F it has relatively low strength, and resistance to oxidation is reduced.
Hardenability: specification AMS-5504C requires that material 3/8" thick and under, and 3/8" specimens from heavier material, shall be capable of attaining hardness of Rockwell 'C' 35-45 after being heated to 1740-1760 Deg. F held at heat for 15-30 minutes, and cooled in still air.
Machinability: Type 410 has better machining characteristics than the chromium-nickel grades. It has a machinability rating of 54%, with B-1112 rated 100%. Surface cutting speed on automatic screw machines is approximately 90 feet per minute.
Weldability: May be welded by all the commercial processes except forge or hammer welding. Large sections should be preheated prior to welding. Because of its air hardening properties, annealing after welding is recommended to obtain maximum ductility and toughness.
Forming: This grade has fair forming and stamping properties. Forging: Forge between 2000 and 2200 Deg. F Do not forge below 1650 Deg. F. Cool slowly.
Annealing: Full annealing range is between 1550 and 1650 Deg. F. Cool slowly in furnace. Low annealing range is between 1200 and 1400 Deg. F. Cool in air.
Hardening: Hardening range is between 1750 and 1850 Deg. F Quench large sections in oil. Small sections may be quenched in air. Temper to required hardness.
Type 416 Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | |||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo | Se |
| .15 | 1.25 | .060 | .15 | 1.00 | 12/14 | 0.60 | - |
Type 416 is a chromium grade of stainless steel modified by the addition of phosphorus and sulphur to produce a free machining steel. lt is the most readily machinable of all stainless steels. A wide range of mechanical properties may be obtained by conventional heat treating methods. It is magnetic in all conditions.
Applications: Type 416 is used for applications demanding the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Type 410 combined with free machining properties. It can be turned, threaded, formed or drilled at speeds approaching those of screw stock.
Corrosion Resistance:Excellent resistance to corrosion from atmosphere, fresh water, food acids and neutral and basic salts. This grade has excellent corrosion resistance in all conditions of heat treatment, but maximum resistance is obtained by hardening and polishing. In general, corrosive resistant qualities are slightly less than those of Type 430.
Resistance To Scaling:Resists scaling at temperatures up to approximately 12O0-1300 Deg. F in continuous service.
Hardenability: A 3/8" section quenched in oil from 1825 Deg. F will harden to a minimum of Rockwell 'C' 35.
Machinability:Type 416 has very good machining characteristics. It has a machinability rating of approximately 91% with B-1112 rated 100%. Surface cutting speed on automatic screw machines is approximately 150 feet per minute.
Weldability:This grade has poor welding properties. Welds are brittle, with tendency to crack.
Forging:Forge between 2100 and 2300 Deg. F Do not forge below 1700 F. Cool slowly.
Annealing:Full annealing range is between 1550 and 1650 Deg. F. Cool slowly in furnace. Low annealing range is between 1200 and 1400 Deg. F. Cool in air.
Hardening:Hardening range is between 1750 and 1850 Deg. F Quench large sections in oil. Small sections may be quenched in air. Temper to required hardness.
Type 430 Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni |
| .12 | 1.00 | .040 | .030 | 1.00 | 16/18 | 0.75 |
Type 430 is a 16% straight chromium grade. Due to higher chromium content, its corrosion and heat resisting properties are superior to those of Type 410. This is a tough, ductile, non-hardening grade with good mechanical properties. It is magnetic in all conditions.
Applications: The largest use of Type 430 is in automotive trim and molding. It is also used extensively in interior architectural decorative work, where good corrosion resistance is required. Its heat resisting properties make it suitable for oil refinery equipment and oil-burner parts.
Corrosion Resistance: Type 430 possesses better general corrosion resistance than the lower chromium grades, though notthe high corrosion resistance of the 300 series. It has high resistance to nitric acid as well as sulphur-bearing gases up to its maximums service temperatures.
Resistance To Scaling: Resists scaling in continuous service at temperatures up to approximately 1500 Deg F. Machinability: Type 430 has a machinability rating of approximately 54%, B-1112 rated 100%. Surface cutting speed speed on automatic screw machines is approximately 90 feet per minute.Type 430F has a rating of 92%, with surface cutting speed of 150 feet per minute.
Weldability: Fair welding characteristics, with welds tending to be brittle. Type 430 has low heat conductivity 1/3 that of carbon steel-and a low coefficient of expansion - 10% less than carbon steel. Forming: This grade has fairly good forming and stamping properties. Sheets and strip are suitable for lock seaming in both directions. Forging: Forge between 1850 and 1950 Deg. F. Do not forge below 1400 Deg. F. Annealing: Heat to between 1400 and 1500 F and air cool.
Type 440A Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo |
| .75 | 1.00 | .040 | .030 | 1.00 | 16/18 | 0.75 |
Type 440A is a hardenable chromium steel with greater attainable hardness than Type 420 and with greater toughness than Types 440B and 440C. It has its optimum corrosion resisting qualities in the hardened and tempered condition. Type area is magnetic in all conditions.
Type 440B Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo |
| .75/.95 | 1.00 | .040 | .030 | 1.00 | 16/18 | 0.75 |
Type 440B is a hardenable chromium steel with greater attainable hardness than Type area and greater toughness than Type 440C. It has its optimum corrosion resisting qualities in the hardened and tempered conditions.Type 440B is magnetic in all conditions.
Type 440C Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo |
| .95/1.20 | 1.00 | .040 | .030 | 1.00 | 16/18 | 0.75 |
Type 440C is a hardenable chromium steel which acquires upon heat treatmentthe highest hardness of any type of corrosion or heat resisting steel. It has its optimum corrosion resisting qualities in the hardened and tempered condition. Type 440C is magnetic in all conditions.
Type 446 Stainless Steel
| Elements (Max.) | |||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | N | Ni |
| .20 | 1.50 | .040 | .030 | 1.00 | 23/27 | 0.25 | 0.75 |
Type 446 is a corrosion and heat resisting chromium steel with the maximum amount of chromium in this series of steel and is used principally for the manufacture of parts which must resist scaling at high temperatures. Type 446 resists destructive scaling up to a temperature of 2000 Deg. F. Type 446 is magnetic in all conditions.
Type 15-5 PH VAC CE
| Elements (Max.) | ||||||||
| Carbon | Chromium | Manganese | Nickel | Phosphorus | Copper | Sulfur | Columbium plus Tantalum | Silicon |
| 0.07 | 14.00-15.50 | 1.00 | 3.50- 5.50 | 0.04 | 2.50- 4.50 | 0.03 | 0.15- 0.45 | 1.00 |
Type 15-5 PH VAC CE is a precipitation-hardening stainless steel that offers a unique combination of high strength and hardness, excellent corrosion resistance plus excellent transverse toughness and good forgeability. Type 15-5 PH stainless is produced by consumable electrode vacuum arc remelting (designated VAC CE). 15-5 PH VAC CE stainless steel is produced by consumable electrode vacuum arc remelting to meet the stringent mechanical property and cleanliness requirements of the space and nuclear industries. Besides lowering gas content, VAC CE adds other advantages to 15-5 PH VAC CE stainless. It reduces and disperses inclusions, and minimizes alloy segregation during solidification. These factors, coupled with the elimination of delta ferrite, combine to give 15-5 PH VAC CE stainless excellent transverse mechanical properties in any test location. Consequently, it has good transverse notch-toughness and forgeability. In severe upset forging or hot flattening operations where splitting or rupturing are encountered with high strength steels, 15-5 PFI VAC CE stainless offers valuable advantages. lts forgeability is superior to 17-4 PH stainless steel.
APPLICATIONS: Type 15-5 PH VAC CE stainless steel is ideal for applications requiring high strength and toughness in all directions. Typical applications include forgings, pump and valve pads for high pressure systems requiring excellent corrosion resistance, pressure transducers, aircraft components and transversely loaded plate applications. Registered Trade-Mark of Armco steel Corporation. NOTE: 17-4 PH and 15-5PH VAC Cb are normally stocked in condition A (fully annealed).
Type 17-4 PH
| Elements (Max.) | |||||||||
| Carbon | Chromium | Manganese | Nickel | Phosphorus | Copper | Sulfur | Columbium plus Tantalum | Silicon | Nitrogen |
| 0.07 | 15.00 - 17.50 | 1.00 | 3.00 - 5.00 | 0.04 | 3.00 - 5.00 | 0.03 | 0.15- 0.45 | 1.00 | .045 |
Type 17-4 PH is a precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel. It contains 17% chromium and 4% nickel and is normally superior in corrosion resistance to the regular martensitic chromium types. An addition of 4% copper is used to promote its precipitation hardening capacity. 17-4 PH can be hardened by a low cost heat treatment consisting only of holding the steel at 900 Deg. F for one hour, thereby minimizing scaling and distortion and allowing parts to machine to close tolerances prior to heat treatment. 17-4 is magnetic in both the solution annealed and hardened conditions.
Applications: 17-4 PH is used in a wide variety of applications because of its unique combination of advantages where high strength and hardness are a must, 17-4 PH provides those properties plus the added benefited excellent corrosion resistance. Or for applications requiring excellent corrosion resistance 17-4 PH gives the extra advantages of high strength and hardness. It's ideal for boat shafts, pump shafts, valve gated, plugs, seats, stems and trim, springs, gears, fasteners, chains, mixing equipment, aerospace applications such as hydraulic actuators, structural components, fasteners,connectors in high pressure systems, cutter blades, racing car parts and oil field equipment. Registered Trade-Mark of Armco Steel Corporation.
COMMON CLASSIFICATION OF PRODUCTS BY SIZE, SHAPE, CONDITION AND FINISH
Plates: Flat rolled or forged: over 10 inches (254.0 mm) in width, 3/16 in. (4.76 mm) and over in thickness.
Sheets: In coils or cut lengths: 24 in. (609.6 mm) and over in width, under 3/16 in. (4.76 mm) in thickness.
Strip: Cold finished in coils or cut lengths: under 24 inches (609.6 mm) in widths under 3/16 in. (4.76 mm) to 0.005 in. (0.13 mm), inclusive, in thickness Note: Cold finished product 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) thick, and under 24 in. (609.6 mm) wide, is sometimes identified as 'foil'.
Foil: Cold finished in coils: under 24 inches (609.6 mm) in width, .005 in. (0.13 mm) and under in thickness. Note: Cold finished product 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) thick, and under 24 in. (609.6 mm) wide, is sometimes identified as 'strip'.
Bars: Hot finished rounds squares, octagons and hexagons: 1/4 in. (6.35 mm) and over in diameter or size. Hot finished flats: 1/4 (6.35 mm) to 10 in. (254.0 mm) inclusive, in width, 1/8 in. (3.18 mm) and over in thickness. Cold finished rounds, squares, octagons, hexagons and shapes: over 1/2 in. (12.70 mm) in diameter or size. Cold finished flats: 3/8 in. (9.52 mm) and over in width 1/8 in. (3.18 mm) and over in thickness.
Wire: Cold finished only: round, square, octagon, hexagon and shape wire, 1/2 in. (12,70 mm) and under in diameter or size. Cold finished only: flat wired 1 /16 in. (1.59 mm) to under 3/8 in. (9.52 mm) in width, 0.010 to under 3/16 in. (0.25 to under 4.76 mm) in thickness.
Rods: Hot rolled or hot rolled annealed and pickled: rounds squares, octagons, hexagons and shapes, in coils, for subsequent cold drawing or cold rolling, 1/4 to 3/4 in. (6.35 to 19.05 mm) in diameter or size.
Structural Shapes including Hot Extrusions: One dimension of the cross section is 3 in. (76.20 mm) or greater.
Bar Size Shapes including Hot Extrusions: Greatest cross-sectional dimension is less than 3 in. (76.20 mm).
Blooms, Billets and Slabs: Hot rolled round cornered squares and round cornered flats are blooms, billets or slabs: 4 in. (101.6 mm) square or larger or 16 sq. Inches (10323 mm2) ln cross-sectional area or larger.
Widths less than 3/8 in. (9.52 mm) and thicknesses less than 3/16 in. (4.76 mm) are generally described as flat wire. Thicknesses 1/8 in. (3.18 mm) to under 3/16 in. (4.76 mm) can be cold rolled strip as well as bar.
STANDARD FINISHES OF STAINLESS STEEL FLAT-ROLLED PRODUCTS
Surface finishes on'stainless steel sheets, strip, and plates are generally selected for appearance, although degree and extent of forming and welding should be taken into consideration. Where forming is severe, or much welding is done, it is often more economical to use a cold rolled finish and then polish.
UNPOLISHED FINISHES
No. 1 Finish
Hot rolled, annealed and discased. Produced by hot rolling followed by annealing and resealing. Generally used in industrial applications, such as for heat or corrosion resistance, where smoothness offinish is not of particular importance.
No. 2D Finish
A dull cold rolled finish. Produced by cold rolling, annealing, and resealing. The dull finish may result from the resealing or pickling operation or may be developed by a final light cold roll pass on dull rolls. The dull finish is favorable fortune retention of lubricants on the surface In deep drawing operations. This finish is generally used in forming deep drawn articles which may be polished after fabrication.
No. 2B Finish
A bright cold rolled finish commonly produced in the same manner as No. 2D, except twattle annealed and resealed sheet receives a finalxlight cold rolled pass on polished rolls. This is a general purpose cold rolled finish. It ii-commonly used for all but exceptionally difficult deep drawing applications. This finish is more readily polished than No. 1 or No. Ad Finish.
POLISHED FINISHES
Sheets can be produced with one ortho side? polished.Whenrpolished (none side only, sheather side may be rough ground in order to obtain the necessary flatness.
No. 3 Finish
is a polished finish obtained with abrasives approximately 100 mesh, and which may or may not be additionally polished during fabrication.
No. 4 Finish
is a general purpose polished finish widely used for restaurant equipment, kitchen equipmentstorefronts, dairy equipment Mc.Following initial grinding with coarserabrasives, sheets are generally finished last with abrasives approximately 120 to 154 mesh.
No.6 Finish
is a dull satin finish having lower reflectivitythap No. 4 Finish. It is produced by Tampico brushing.
No. 4 Finish
sheets in a medium of abrasive and oil. It is used for architectural applications and ornamentation where a high luster is undesirable', it is also used effectively to contrast with brighter finishes.
No. 7 Finish
has a high degree of reflectivity. It is produced by buffing of finely ground surface, but the grit lines are not removed. It is chiefly used for architectural and ornamental purposes.
No. 8 Finish
is the most reflective finish that is commonly produced. It is obtained by polishing with successively finer abrasives and buffing extensively with very fine buffing rouges. The surface is essentially free of grit lines from preliminary grinding operations. This finish is most widely used for press plates, as well as forsmall mirrors and reflectors.
Please Note: Information provided on this page has not been independently verified. Although this information is believed to be accurate we will bear no responsibility for the accuracy of this information.
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